Motor	Specifications
Front Motor	AC permanent magnet synchronous motor, liquid-cooled, with variable frequency drive
Rear Motor	AC induction motor, liquid-cooled, with variable frequency drive
Nominal Voltage	320 volts

Transmission	Specifications
Type	Single speed fixed gear
Overall Final Drive Ratio	Small motor: 9.3:1 Large motor: 9.7:1
Reverse Gear	Reverse direction of motor, limited to 15 mph (24 km/h)

Steering	Specifications
Type	Variable ratio rack and pinion with electronic power steering, speed sensitive
Number of turns lock to lock	2.33
Turning Circle (curb to curb)	40.3 ft/12.3 m

Brakes	Specifications
Type	4-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS) with Electronic Brake Force Distribution, Integrated Advanced Stability Control and Electronic Accelerator pedal actuated regenerative braking system
Rotor Diameters (ventilated)	Front: 13.98”/355 mm
	Rear: 14.37”/365 mm
Front Rotor thickness	New: 1.26”/32 mm
	Service limit: 1.18”/30 mm
Rear Rotor thickness	New: 1.10”/28 mm
	Service limit: 1.02”/26 mm
Front Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back plate)	0.346”/8.8 mm
Rear Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back plate)	0.354”/9 mm
Parking brake	Electrically actuated parking brake calipers
Brake Disc Friction Pair	Front: .31"/8 mm
	Rear: .28"/7 mm

Suspension	Specifications
Front	Independent, double wishbone, air spring or coil spring/telescopic damper, sway bar
Rear	Independent, multi-link, air spring or coil spring/telescopic damper, sway bar (air suspension vehicles only)

Battery - Low Voltage	Specifications
Rating	33 amp hour or higher
Voltage and Polarity	Low voltage negative (-) ground

Battery - High Voltage	Specifications
Type	Liquid-cooled lithium ion (Li-ion)
Nominal Voltage	350 V DC
Temperature Range	Do not expose Model S to ambient temperatures above 140° F (60° C) or below -22° F (-30° C) for more than 24 hours at a time.